Tuberous sclerosis (also known as tuberous sclerosis complex or TSC) is a rare genetic condition that causes non-cancerous (benign) growths in various parts of the body, including the kidneys, brain and heart.

Tubulopathies are a group of rare kidney conditions that affect the tubes (tubules) in the kidneys’ filters (the nephrons). Tubulopathies occur when there is a problem with the tubules so they don’t work as well as they should do.

Urinary tract infections happen when germs get into the urine (wee) and travel into the urinary tract.

Vasculitis is an immune system disorder that causes the blood vessels to become inflamed and swollen. It can affect any part of the body, including the kidneys.

In VUR, some urine refluxes back up towards the kidneys; sometimes associated with scars on the kidneys (reflux nephropathy).

A narrowing, holdup or blockage where the tube from kidney to bladder (ureter) meets the bladder, known as vesico-ureteric junction obstruction (VUJO).